Experimental Investigation of the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Plastic-Stabilized Pavement Materials

Abstract

This research evaluates the physico-mechanical properties of asphalt pavements modified with non-biodegradable bottled water plastic waste to improve performance and promote sustainability. Key tests included Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) and Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) on aggregates, softening point and penetration on bitumen, Marshall mix design for optimum bitumen content (OBC), and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) for tensile performance. The OBC was determined as 6 wt%. Fifteen samples were then prepared with melted plastic at 10-50 wt% of OBC. Results indicated that 20 wt% plastic yielded optimal outcomes: stability increased slightly to 5.25 kN from 4.98 kN (control), with acceptable flow (2-4 mm), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and ITS (0.1579 MPa vs. 0.1358 MPa control). LAA (42%) and AIV (27.7%) confirmed aggregate suitability. Compared to prior studies (e.g., on plastic-modified asphalt showing rutting resistance), this work demonstrates superior stability and waste valorization in Nigeria's context, offering a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative that reduces plastic pollution while enhancing pavement durability for resource-efficient road infrastructure.