Experimental Investigation on the Use of Bagasse Ash as a Partial Cement and Fine Aggregate Replacement in Concrete

Abstract

Due to the use of natural sand and Portland cement, the production of concrete becomes costly and detrimental to the environment. The byproduct of the agro-industrial industry, sugarcane bagasse ash (BA), has been identified as a viable substitute due to its abundance and pozzolanic nature. This research investigates the pozzolanic effect of bagasse ash as a partial replacement of both cement (0–30%) and fine aggregate (0–100%) on the compressive strength of concrete. The experimental program developed five mixtures comprising a control and four with the varying dual replacement levels. Change of compressive strength was recorded during a 7 and 28-day cycle, and the specimens were in the shape of regular cylinders. The results indicated a general decrease in strength with increasing BA replacement. The highest strength among BA mixes was achieved by the mix with 30% cement and 10% sand replacement, yet it represented a 35.2% reduction from the control. The strength reduction is attributed to the dilution of cementitious materials and insufficient pozzolanic activity from the BA. The optimal dual replacement level identified was 30% for cement and 10% for fine aggregate. Despite the compressive strength reductions, utilizing BA aligns with broader environmental benefits, reducing waste, conserving natural resources, and lowering carbon emissions, motivating its application in non-structural contexts.