Impact of Static Var Compensator (SVC) on Voltage Stability and Power Losses in the N'Djamena Power Network

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of a Static Var Compensator (SVC) on voltage stability enhancement and loss reduction in the N'Djamena distribution network, Chad. Using the NEPLAN software environment, a detailed model of the 32-node network was developed and power flow analyses were conducted using the Newton-Raphson method under both nominal (100%) and stressed (120%) loading conditions. The SVC, equipped with a Proportional-Integral (PI) control scheme and an operating range of -50 to +50 Mvar, was implemented for dynamic reactive power compensation. Simulation results demonstrate substantial performance improvements: voltage levels at critical nodes (NT30, N1T100, N2T100, N15LA) increased by up to 20.19 percentage points under maximum load conditions, while active power losses were reduced by up to 1.586 MW and reactive power losses by up to 3.677 Mvar. The findings quantitatively confirm that SVC implementation significantly enhances voltage stability margins and reduces technical losses in weak distribution networks. This research provides a validated framework for SVC integration in similar developing power systems and offers practical insights for utility planners seeking to improve grid performance while accommodating future renewable energy integration.