IoT-Enabled Gas Monitoring in Oil and Gas: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Directions: A Review

Abstract

Gas monitoring systems based on IoT are a crucial part of companies that operate in the Oil and Gas industry when safety and operational efficiency are of the utmost importance. In this systematic review, we provide a comparison of recent works on these systems published between 2020 and 2026 to review current developments, trends, challenges, and future research avenues. The focus on technological innovations includes Edge AI and machine learning to identify patterns in real-time, digital twin modeling with pre-emptive leak detection, next-generation communication protocols such as 5G and satellite-linked IoT for remote leak monitoring, and autonomous mitigation strategies using drones and automated actuators. The paper identifies major technical and operational challenges, including sensor performance in harsh conditions, high power consumption, vulnerability to cyber-attacks, and lack of integration experience with legacy IoT solutions. Supported by 40 studies, this review provides an overview of sensor architectures, communication frameworks, and system-level performance metrics. Research gaps are highlighted, particularly the shortage of robust, energy-efficient smart monitoring networks with autonomous management and real-time notifications. Finally, critical research directions are listed, including robust sensors, resilient cybersecurity, seamless interoperability, and predictive analytics for autonomous operations. This review provides a foundation for improving the reliability, safety, and efficiency of IoT-based industrial gas detection systems.