Laboratory Accuracy of Some Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening Methods  in a Nigerian Blood Bank: Is it time for Universal Adoption of Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay Methodologies as the Minimum Testing Paradigm?

Orkuma Joseph Aondowase; Gomerep Simji Samuel; Egesie Julie Ochaka; Orkuma Jenifer Hembadoon; Mbaave Tsavyange Peter; Onoja Anthony Michael

doi:10.9734/IBRR/2015/17095

Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Laboratory Accuracy of Some Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening Methods in a Nigerian Blood Bank: Is it time for Universal Adoption of Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay Methodologies as the Minimum Testing Paradigm?

Orkuma Joseph Aondowase, Gomerep Simji Samuel, Egesie Julie Ochaka, Orkuma Jenifer Hembadoon, Mbaave Tsavyange Peter, Onoja Anthony Michael

International Blood Research & Reviews · pp. 92–100 · Published 2 Apr 2015

10.9734/IBRR/2015/17095

Abstract

Aim: To compare the prevalence rates, relevant indices of laboratory accuracy and proportion of false negative test results for some WHO recommended methodologies used for HIV screening amongst blood donor sata hospital-based blood bank in Nigeria. Study Design: A cross-sectional. Place and Duration: Blood bank unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and the Nigerian National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) North Central Zonal Office, Jos between May and August 2008. Methodology: Four hundred and forty blood donors (379 males and 61 females; aged 18-55 years) predominantly family replacement blood donors who met the minimum criteria to donate blood in Nigeria were included. Blood collection, serum processing, testing and interpretation of results were carried out using standard methods and manufacturers’ instruction. Serum was tested with a rapid test (Determine™ HIV- 1/2) and an EIA [Dia Pro HIV 1/2/0 ELISA] method. The samples were further tested with a 4th generation ELISA [GENSCREEN®PLUS HIV Ag- Ab ELISA]. Results: The prevalence of HIV in blood donors differed with the test method and assay as follows; Determine TM HIV 1/ 2 (3.6%), Dia Pro HIV 1/2/0 ELISA (5.5%) and GENSCREEN®PLUS HIV Ag-Ab ELISA (9.3) respectively. Determine TM HIV-1/ 2gave a sensitivity of 0.39 (95% CI 0.24-0.55), specificity 1.00,95% CI 0.99-1.00), false negative [FN] (61%), positive predictive value [PPV] 1.00 95% CI 0.79-1.00), and a negative predictive value [NPV] 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.96 when compared with GENSCREEN®PLUS HIV Ag-Ab ELISA method. P<0.001. Dia Pro HIV 1/2/0 ELISA gave a sensitivity of 0.54, 95% CI.37-0.69, specificity 0.995, 95% CI 0.99-1.00, FN(46.3%), PPV (0.9295% CI 0.73-0.99 and a NPV (0.95, 95% CI0.93-0.97) when compared with GENSCREEN®PLUS HIV Ag-Ab ELISA method. P<0.001. Determine TM HIV 1/2 had a sensitivity of 0.67 95% CI 0.45-0.84, specificity of 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.00, FN (33.3%), PPV (1.00 95% CI 0.79-1.00 and a NPV 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99 when compared with Dia Pro HIV 1/2/0 ELISA method. P<0.001. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV in blood donors is method dependent with GENSCREEN®PLUS HIV Ag-Ab ELISA higher than Dia Pro HIV 1/2/0 and Determine TM HIV 1/ 2. Dia Pro HIV 1/2/0 is more accurate and has fewer FN test results than Determine TM HIV 1/ 2. There is a need to discourage rapid testing as a major testing algorithm amongst hospital-based blood banks. Instead, ELISA methods should be adopted as the minimum testing paradigm. However, further testing with Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAT) is recommended to validate reliability of this study.

Blood donors HIV infection prevalence hospital-based blood bank laboratory accuracy blood transfusion Nigeria

References (10)

1 Nucleic acid amplification testing of blood donors fortransfusion‐transmitted infectious diseases [DOI]
2 Evaluation of Determine HIV-1/2 rapid diagnostic test by 4th generation ELISA using blood donors' serum at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia.
3 The failure of routine rapid HIV testing: a case study of improving low sensitivity in the field [DOI]
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Orkuma Joseph Aondowase, Gomerep Simji Samuel, Egesie Julie Ochaka, Orkuma Jenifer Hembadoon, Mbaave Tsavyange Peter, Onoja Anthony Michael (2015). Laboratory Accuracy of Some Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening Methods in a Nigerian Blood Bank: Is it time for Universal Adoption of Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay Methodologies as the Minimum Testing Paradigm?. International Blood Research & Reviews , 92–100. https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2015/17095

Affiliations

Orkuma Joseph Aondowase — Department of Hematology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria
Gomerep Simji Samuel — Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Egesie Julie Ochaka — Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Orkuma Jenifer Hembadoon — Department of Laboratory, College Clinic, Federal School of Forestry, Jos-Plateau state, Nigeria
Mbaave Tsavyange Peter — Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria
Onoja Anthony Michael — Department of Hematology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria

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