Phyto-Therapeutic Targeting of NF-κB Pathway in Inflammation-Linked Disorders

Abstract

Inflammation is a vital biological response to injury and infection, but its persistence beyond resolution stages contributes to a range of chronic diseases, including arthritis, asthma and autoimmune disorders. The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κΒ) pathway has emerged as a central mediator in sustaining inflammatory cascades through Pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules undergo transcriptional regulation. Although conventional anti-inflammatory drugs may offer short-term relief, their long-term use is frequently limited by serious side effects and inadequate targeting of the root causes. In recent years, medicinal plants have gained attention for their potential to manage inflammation in a safer and more holistic way. This narrative review focuses on five such plants- Eclipta alba, Zingiber officinalis, Asparagus racemosus, Phyllanthus emblica and Justica adhatoda- all of which have shown notable analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. These herbs act through various mechanisms, including suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of oxidative stress and modulation of NF-κΒ pathway. Beyond these, the review also highlights other herbal agents known for influencing inflammatory responses through NF-κΒ inhibition. The article further discusses the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, the biological role of NF-κB, and the limitations of existing treatment options. Together, this review emphasizes the growing relevance of plant-based therapies as effective and safer alternatives for inflammation-related disorders, especially those involving NF-κΒ dysregulation.