Phytochemical Profile and Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanol Bark Extract of Anthocleista grandiflora in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major global health issues characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin shortage or cellular insulin resistance. This study’s aim was to analyze the phytochemical composition and anti- diabetic potential of the ethanol bark extract of A. grandiflora in rats. The phytochemical analysis, as well as glucose concentrations were determined using standard methods and data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The animals were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 80mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate in isotonic saline and allowed to stabilize for 3 days before the glucose levels were measured. Twenty albino rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups of four rats each in which group 1 was the normal control, group 2 was induced with diabetes and not treated, group 3 was induced and treated with glibenclamide, group 4 and 5 were induced treated with the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg respectively) all for 12 days and blood glucose concentrations were measured on three days interval using a glucometer by cutting the tip of the tail. Results shows the presence of Alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, tannins and saponins while terpenes, anthraquinones, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were absent. The detected phytochemicals were further quantified and the outcome showed a significantly (p<0.05) high amounts of alkaloids (496 ± 1.89), saponins (420.6 ± 2.5), steroids (408.2 ± 1.89) followed by phenols (396.7 ± 1.67), steroids (308.2 ± 1.89), Anthocyanosides (273.3 ± 1.53), Phlobatamins (251.5 ± 2.03) and tannins (228.9 ± 2.67 mg/ 100ml). Furthermore, there was significant (p < 0.05) reduction of serum glucose across the treated groups while (group 2) showed a sustained diabetic status in all rats, confirming the anti-diabetic properties of the ethanol extract.