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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Possitivity Rate of Sputum Cytology Compared to Bronchoscopy and Transthoracic Needle Aspiration in Lung Cancer Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Indonesia

Fared Rofiansyah Noor, Harun Iskandar, Muhammad Ilyas, Arif Santoso, Erwin Arief, Nurjannah Lihawa, Bulkis Natsir

Journal of Cancer and Tumor International · pp. 14–20 · Published 6 Jul 2023

10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2231

Abstract

Introduction: Sputum cytology is the only non-invasive method which can detect early lung malignancies. The principle of it is a finding of cells shed from the lesion, either spontaneously or artificially. Aim: This study purposed to evaluate the positivity rate of sputum cytology compared to bronchoscopy or transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) in lung cancer patients. Place and Duration of Study: A prospective cross-sectional study used medical record data using SIRS from 2022 until completed or reached the desired number of samples at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar. Methodology: Patients diagnosed with lung cancers, done a sputum cytology, and bronchoscopy/ TTNA were included. The patients had consented to be included in the study and the study had passed the ethical clearance from Hasanuddin Medical University Ethical Research Committee. Results: Of111 patients with lung cancer, which 46 patients (41,4%) were adenocarcinoma and the other 65 patients (58,6%) were squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with positive sputum cytology were 5 (4,5%), with tumor sizes ≥3cm were 107 patients (86%), and with a hemoptysis history was 59 patients (53,2%). The relationship between sputum cytology and histopathology, tumor size, and hemoptysis history were not significant (each p value >0.05). However, there was a relationship between sputum cytology and tumor location with a significant relationship between the two (p-value = 0.002). Conclusion: Sputum cytology is not recommended for diagnosing lung cancer due to low positivity rate, but the prediction rate is high which most likely is central squamous cell carcinoma.

Sputum cytology bronchoscopy transthoracic needle aspiration lung cancer

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