Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Prevalence of Uropathogens and Associated Risk Factors in Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Teaching Hospital in Awka, Nigeria

Nwankwo, U.G, Ezebialu, C.U, Ezeadila, J.O, Okoli Ikechukwu

Journal of Advances in Microbiology · pp. 104–114 · Published 3 May 2024

10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i4819

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the very serious common problems encountered in pregnancy, and it is associated with severe maternal and fetal risks which include maternal chorioamnionitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, preterm birth, low birth weight, and increased perinatal mortality if untreated. The prevalence of UTI varies worldwide. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of uropathogens and associated risk factors in UTI in pregnant women in Awka, Nigeria. This was a cross sectional study that involved 269 pregnant women. Clean-catch mid-stream morning urine specimens were collected and examined macroscopically, microscopically and bacteriologically. Information on Socio-demographic characteristics and some clinical factors were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22 and the p-value was set at P=0.05. A total of 118 isolates were obtained and the prevalence of UTI in the study population was 39.8%. The most predominant bacterium was Enterococcus faecalis 34(29%), followed by Escherichia coli 21(17.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 15(12.7%), Staphylococcus aureus 10(8.4%), Staphyloccocus saprophyticus 7(6.0%), Enterobacter cloacae 6(5.1%), and Staphyloccocus epidermidis 4(3.4%). Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis occurred at frequency of 3(2.5%) each while Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Morganella morganii occurred at 2(1.7%) each. Candida species were also isolated, including Candida albicans 4(3.4%), Candida krusei 3(2.5%) and Candida guilliermondii 1(0.8%). None of the socio-demographic variables were statistically associated with UTI. Teachings on personal hygiene during every antenatal visit can help prevent UTI in pregnant women.

Uropathogens mid-stream urine antenatal socio-demographic variables prevalence bacteriuria

References (22)

  1. 1 Bacterial profile and drug susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection in pregnant women at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia [DOI]
  2. 2 Associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia [DOI]
  3. 3 The comparison of automated urine analyzers with manual microscopic examination for urinalysis automated urine analyzers and manual urinalysis [DOI]
  4. 4 Factors associated with community-acquired urinary tract infections among adults attending assessment centre, Mulago Hospital Uganda [DOI]
  5. 5 Incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. [DOI]
  6. 6 Prevalence of hospital acquired enterococci infections in two primary-care hospitals in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria [DOI]
  7. 7 Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Antenatal Patients in Ilorin, Nigeria [DOI]
  8. 8 Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections and Its Aetiological Agents among Pregnant Women in Karnataka Region [DOI]
  9. 9 The prevalence and bacteriology of asymptomatic bacteriuria among antenatal patients in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi; South Eastern Nigeria.
  10. 10 Prevalence and associated risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria in ante-natal clients in a large teaching hospital in Ghana [DOI]
  11. 11 Asymptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Cape Coast, Ghana
  12. 12 Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection(UTI) among Pregnant Women in Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria [DOI]
  13. 13 Comparative evaluation of chromogenic agar medium and conventional culture system for isolation and presumptive identification of uropathogens [DOI]
  14. 14 Community-Acquired urinary tract infection by pseudomonas oryzihabitans [DOI]
  15. 15 Community acquired urinary tract infections among adults in Accra, Ghana
  16. 16 Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) Among Pregnant Women in University Of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Benin City, Nigeria [DOI]
  17. 17 Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant Women in Abha General Hospital
  18. 18 Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women attending Boo-Ali Hospital Tehran Iran: Urine analysis vs. urine culture [DOI]
  19. 19 Infections caused by Flavimonas oryzihabitans.
  20. 20 Pattern of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a private health facility in Benin, South-South Nigeria [DOI]
  21. 21 Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Two Primary Health Care Centres in Karu Nasarawa State, Nigeria [DOI]
  22. 22 [A case of urinary tract infection caused by Flavimonas oryzihabitans].

Cited by 2

Epidemiological insights and antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract infections: Evidence from a large cohort study

Sowmitra Ranjan Chakraborty, Dipika Chakraborty, Mrityunjoy Acharjee · Continence Reports · 2026

Showing 1 of 2 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

49

Page views

0

PDF downloads

14

Outbound clicks

2

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.