Rainfall and Temperature Trend Analysis Using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator Test in Kharun Watershed, Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract

Temperature and rainfall are important meteorological variables in connection with changes in the climate. Analyzing rainfall temperature changes is a necessary first step in determining how climate change will affect us. Evaluating how climate change would affect the accessibility of water and the environment. The main focus of the current study is on the shifting patterns of rainfall and temperature in the Kharun Watershed, Chhattisgarh. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen's slope (SS) method are used in this study to examine trends in seasonal and yearly rainfall, and minimum and maximum temperatures (Tmin and Tmax). The research area contained five stations measuring temperature and rainfall. Three seasons—kharif, rabi, and zaid were taken into consideration for the seasonal and yearly trend study. The results of the trend test for precipitation showed an overall upward trend for all five stations (Pindrawan, Raipur, Patan, Dhamtari, and Gurur) and every season. The yearly trend of precipitation likewise exhibits an upward trend throughout the year. Except the Kharif season at Pindrawan, Raipur, and Patan stations, the minimum temperature for all five stations indicates declining trends for all seasons. In all five stations, the annual trend of the minimum temperature over the 35 years had exhibited a downward trend. All five stations' maximum temperatures exhibit rising patterns throughout the year. In all five stations, the annual trend of maximum temperature over the 35 years showed an upward trend.