The Effectiveness of Reading and Writing Literacy Using the Kirkpatrick Model at SMPN 1 Kuningan

Abstract

A major challenge facing Indonesia is cultivating a reading culture among the broader public, particularly in the context of basic education. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a reading and writing literacy program using the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model, which is known for providing a comprehensive and tiered assessment. The research employed a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. Respondents were selected purposively, involving school principals, teachers, and literacy coordinators who were directly involved in the program's implementation. The results indicate that among the three variables analyzed—reaction (X₁), learning (X₂), and behavior (Z)—behavior had the strongest influence on the outcome variable (Y), with the model explaining 82.2% of the variance (R² = 0.822) and a very strong correlation (R = 0.907; p < 0.001). These findings highlight that the success of literacy programs is not merely determined by initial understanding or reactions, but critically depends on the extent to which participants apply what they have learned in real-life practice.