Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

The Principles of Four Basic Steps of Scientific Stage: Problem, Hypothesis, Trial, Report

Forman Erwin Siagian

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports · pp. 53–61 · Published 21 Jun 2023

10.9734/ajarr/2023/v17i9519

Abstract

Aim: To revisited four basic steps of scientific stage which consist of Problem, Hypothesis, Trial and Report. Discussion: Scientific stage is a series consists of four consecutive steps which provide scientific explanation or even answer to research question based on observation, experiment, and comparison. These stages objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation. It can be a positive or negative explanations rely upon a certain approach, called the scientific method, for their justification. This explanation or answer, in the context of the most basic human virtue, is to make the life of its perpetrators and also other people better. Conclusion: Scientific stage conducted through four consecutive basic and simple steps is at the heart of evidence based activity conducted by scholars and scientist.

Scientist scholar research observation experiment comparison

References (44)

  1. 1 The prevention and handling of the missing data [DOI]
  2. 2 Reproducibility and Replicability in Science [DOI]
  3. 3 Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms [DOI]
  4. 4 Human Nature and the Limits of Science [DOI]
  5. 5 Hypothesis testing, type I and type II errors [DOI]
  6. 6 Science Communication to the General Public: Why We Need to Teach Undergraduate and Graduate Students this Skill as Part of Their Formal Scientific Training.
  7. 7 Validation of educational assessments: a primer for simulation and beyond [DOI]
  8. 8 Western science and traditional knowledge [DOI]
  9. 9 A methodological guide to using and reporting on interviews in conservation science research [DOI]
  10. 10 The problem with Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles [DOI]
  11. 11 Varieties of experimentalism [DOI]
  12. 12 A Unified Framework to Quantify the Credibility of Scientific Findings [DOI]
  13. 13 Limited by our limitations [DOI]
  14. 14 Exploring the Intersection of Science Education and 21st Century Skills: A Workshop Summary
  15. 15 Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research; A Step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Collection Technique for Academic and Business Research Projects
  16. 16 Literature search for research planning and identification of research problem [DOI]
  17. 17 Considerations for effective science communication [DOI]
  18. 18 Test-Enhanced Learning: The Potential for Testing to Promote Greater Learning in Undergraduate Science Courses [DOI]
  19. 19 Best Practices for Reducing Bias in the Interview Process [DOI]
  20. 20 Perspective: Dimensions of the scientific method [DOI]
  21. 21 Identifying problems and solutions in scientific text [DOI]
  22. 22 Chapter 9 Methods for Literature Reviews
  23. 23 Use of First‐hand and Second‐hand Data in Science: Does data type influence classroom conversations? [DOI]
  24. 24 When to Combine Hypotheses and Adjust for Multiple Tests [DOI]
  25. 25 Relation between Individual and Society [DOI]
  26. 26 Effect of Problem Solving Method on Science Process Skills and Academic Achievement
  27. 27 Mismatches between ‘Scientific’ and ‘Non-Scientific’ Ways of Knowing and Their Contributions to Public Understanding of Science [DOI]
  28. 28 Research Problems and Hypotheses in Empirical Research [DOI]
  29. 29 The Scientific Method: A Need for Something Better? [DOI]
  30. 30 Human values and the value of humanities in interdisciplinary research [DOI]
  31. 31 Health needs assessment [DOI]
  32. 32 The relationship between routine and non-routine problem solving and learning styles [DOI]
  33. 33 A strategy for assessing science : behavioral and social research on aging
  34. 34 Hypothesis Generation in Biology [DOI]
  35. 35 The embedded biases in hypothesis testing and machine learning [DOI]
  36. 36 PS1-23: The Environmental Scan: A Valuable Community Health Research Tool [DOI]
  37. 37 Identifying and solving scientific problems in the medicine: key to become a competent scientist [DOI]
  38. 38 The problem of problems [DOI]
  39. 39 Solving Everyday Problems with the Scientific Method [DOI]
  40. 40 The gap between expectations and reality [DOI]
  41. 41 Experimental Design: The Role of Treatment [DOI]
  42. 42 Scientific Research [DOI]
  43. 43 Control Variables in Research [DOI]
  44. 44 Variables, in Experimental Developmental Research [DOI]

Cited by 4

МЕТОДИ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

Наталія Гринчак, Лариса Лазоренко · Наукові перспективи (Naukovì perspektivi) · 2024

Identificación de Competencias que Desarrolla un Estudiante Universitario Mediante el uso de Juguetes Artesanales

Dr. Alfredo Gutiérrez García, Rosa Delia García Lara, Gisela Rivera Pérez · IECCMEXICO · 2025

Energy Cooperatives as an Instrument for Stimulating Distributed Renewable Energy in Poland

Katarzyna Brodzińska, Małgorzata Błażejowska, Zbigniew Brodziński · Energies · 2025

A Review of Teaching Experimental Design in Chemistry

Saule Zhunissova, Leilya Zhussupova, Gulmira Abyzbekova · Journal of Chemical Education · 2025

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

50

Page views

0

PDF downloads

9

Outbound clicks

4

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.