Urethral Obstruction Secondary to Feline Idiopathic Cystitis in a Persian Cat: A Case Report

Abstract

Aim: Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) is a significant component of Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD), frequently presenting as acute urethral obstruction in male cats. This report describes the diagnosis, progression and management of a severe case of obstructive FIC in a young Persian tom cat. Presentation of Case: A 9-month-old, indoor-housed male Persian cat from a multi-cat household presented with anorexia, vomiting, haematuria, stranguria and urethral obstruction. Diagnostic workup, including hematology, serum biochemistry and ultrasonography, confirmed post-renal azotemia and urethral obstruction by intra-luminal contents. Urethral patency was re-established by catheterization. The case was diagnosed as obstructive FIC based on clinical signs, sterile urine culture and exclusion of other etiologies. Discussion: The cat developed severe, progressive anaemia, thrombocytopenia and sustained azotemia.  Initial management with fluid therapy, urethral catheterization and Alpha 1 antagonist (Prazosin). The acute deterioration highlights the guarded prognosis and complexity of managing severe obstructive FIC, particularly when secondary systemic complications arise. Conclusion: Obstructive FIC is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention. While a multi-modal approach (medical, dietary and environmental approach) is essential for management and prevention, this case underscores the potential for rapid systemic deterioration, emphasizing the need for proactive environmental stress reduction and long-term care.