Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 3.0

Where and When Human Viral Epidemics First Emerged

Sergey N. Rumyantsev

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · pp. 647–661 · Published 10 Nov 2012

10.9734/BJMMR/2012/1692

Abstract

Aims: This article attempts to date the conditions, terms and places of the first emergence of the main human viral epidemics (HIV, influenza, measles, smallpox). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Evolutionary Immunology Andent, Inc., between May 2002 and July 2012. Methodology: The investigation was based on the integration and consequent sensing of relevant recent achievements of evolutionary branches of immunology, epidemiology and anthropology. The main focus was on the integration of up-to-date achievements of both evolutionary and historic anthropology with the data regarding inter-ethnic differences in hereditary immunity to relevant infections and the traces of the aforementioned epidemics. Results: In contrast to rabies infection the considered epidemics emerged non-simultaneously between 14,000 and 10,000 years ago on the Eurasian territories. They were introduced into America and Australia as well as Sub-Saharan Africa during the Great Geographical Discoveries and consequent Colonization. Conclusion: After their origin, both the epidemics and the traits of hereditary immunity against them continued to exist among humankind to the present, supported by genetically mitigated heterozygous forms of infections.

Anthropogenesis hereditary immunity human evolution HIV influenza measles rabies smallpox

References (38)

  1. 1 Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes [DOI]
  2. 2 Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia [DOI]
  3. 3 Probable Person-to-Person Transmission of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) [DOI]
  4. 4 An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia [DOI]
  5. 5 Disease and Evolution [DOI]
  6. 6 Interpreting principal component analyses of spatial population genetic variation [DOI]
  7. 7 Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960 [DOI]
  8. 8 Relative resistance to HIV–1 infection of CD4 lymphocytes from persons who remain uninfected despite multiple high–risk sexual exposures [DOI]
  9. 9 Measles endemicity in insular populations: Critical community size and its evolutionary implication [DOI]
  10. 10 Human genes that limit AIDS [DOI]
  11. 11 Has the 2005 measles mortality reduction goal been achieved? A natural history modelling study [DOI]
  12. 12 Native Americans experienced a strong population bottleneck coincident with European contact [DOI]
  13. 13 Infectious Diseases in Primitive Societies [DOI]
  14. 14 Managing and Reducing Uncertainty in an Emerging Influenza Pandemic [DOI]
  15. 15 Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians [DOI]
  16. 16 Influenza—WHO cares [DOI]
  17. 17 Infectious Diseases in Ancient Populations [DOI]
  18. 18 To have and have not: Health and health care disparities in chronic kidney disease [DOI]
  19. 19 Viral Epidemiology and Severity of Respiratory Infections in Infants in 2009 [DOI]
  20. 20 Motolinia's History of the Indians of New Spain [DOI]
  21. 21 Revealing the molecular signatures of host-pathogen interactions [DOI]
  22. 22 In Search of AIDS-Resistance Genes [DOI]
  23. 23 More about the Viking hypothesis of origin of the Δ32 mutation in the CCR5 gene conferring resistance to HIV-1 infection [DOI]
  24. 24 HIV and AIDS in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: 1992‐1998 [DOI]
  25. 25 The Effect of Smallpox on the Destiny of the Amerindian [DOI]
  26. 26 Fulfilling prophecy? Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in Indigenous people in Western Australia [DOI]
  27. 27 Structural Predestination of Individual Diversity in the Course and Severity of Infectious Diseases [DOI]
  28. 28 Chemical Ecology and Biomolecular Evolution [DOI]
  29. 29 Genetic immunity and influenza pandemics [DOI]
  30. 30 Controlling HIV in Indigenous Australians [DOI]
  31. 31 Toward Molecular Level of the “Salmonella-Victim” Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution [DOI]
  32. 32 The best defence against bioweapons has already been invented by evolution [DOI]
  33. 33 Genes Confirm Europeans' Blow to Native Americans [DOI]
  34. 34 HIV/AIDS in America [DOI]
  35. 35 Evolutionary population genetics: Were the Vikings immune to HIV? [DOI]
  36. 36 [Immunity and molecular constitution].
  37. 37 Selection For Hereditary Immunity To Infections During The Evolution Of Humankind
  38. 38 An AIDS-Free Generation? [DOI]

Cited by 6

Using Health Belief Model, TriRisk Model, and Fatalism to predict COVID-19 Social Distancing Compliance Behavior

S. Lahiry, R. Karmakar, Swathy Parameswaran · Social psychology and society · 2020

Hereditary Immunity against Infectious Diseases

Ivan A Shabarov, Z. I. Urmancheeva, S. Rumyantsev · 2015

Hereditary Immunity in Evolution of Humankind

K. F. Dubrov, S. Rumyantsev · 2015

Using Health Belief Model, TriRisk Model, and Fatalism to predict COVID-19 Social Distancing Compliance Behavior

S. Lahiry, R. Karmakar, S. Parameswaran · Social Psychology and Society · 2021

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

49

Page views

0

PDF downloads

13

Outbound clicks

6

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.