In Nigeria, agriculture operates mainly on a small scale and is almost entirely weather-dependent. Thus, farmers experience climate-related shocks whose consequences extend far beyond crop productivity to household income, welfare and livelihoods, making households vulnerable to...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3533
Cashew productivity in northern Côte d’Ivoire is constrained by low soil fertility, creating a need to assess fertiliser responses in locally important planting material. In order to contribute to improving cashew productivity in Côte d’Ivoire, a field experiment was conducted in...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3532
This study examined the price elasticity of household demand for Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) among communities adjacent to Nandi South Forest in Nandi County, Kenya. Guided by the Contingent Valuation Method, the study adopted a descriptive quantitative design. The targe...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3531
Poultry keeping is undertaken by the majority of rural households across low- and middle-income countries, yet the nutritional, environmental and health dimensions of smallholder systems remain fragmented across disciplinary literatures that rarely engage with one another. This c...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3530
Aim: This study aimed to quantify the socio-economic importance of the Bloc Kébé research forest, East Cameroon) to riparian livelihoods by assessing non-timber forest products (NTFP) collection patterns, use types, income generation, and perceived dependency for food security an...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3529
The East Nimba Nature Reserve (ENNR) is one of Liberia's most important biodiversity hotspots; however, increasing anthropogenic activities continue to threaten its floristic diversity and ecological integrity. This study evaluated the species composition and distribution of flor...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3528
Food insecurity remains a persistent challenge in Eswatini’s Shiselweni and Lubombo regions, where households face chronic poverty, climate vulnerability, and limited access to diverse and nutritious foods. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have emerged as a promising po...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3527
Stem plants play important roles in agricultural production, and efficient stem cutting is essential for operations such as propagation, harvesting, and biomass processing. However, limited information is available on the cutting-force requirements of agricultural stems and the e...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3526
Mangrove ecotourism can support coastal ecosystem conservation while providing livelihood opportunities for local communities. This study analysed the internal and external strategic factors affecting Bale Mangrove in Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency, and assessed their imp...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3525
Although evidence is emerging regarding the adaptability of indigenous knowledge (IK), indigenous peoples are often regarded as vulnerable because of their exposure to change. This study therefore evaluated the adaptability of IK to a changing socioeconomic and demographic landsc...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajraf/2026/v12i3524