A Macro-learning Model for SPA Oukup Karo Based on Tutorial Videos: Enhancing Competence and Preserving Local Cultural Heritage

Abstract

This study develops and evaluates a macro-learning model for SPA Oukup Karo training using tutorial videos to enhance trainee competence while preserving Karo cultural heritage. The study employed a research and development (R&D) approach using the 4D model (Define–Design–Develop–Disseminate). Product feasibility was assessed through expert validation involving three validators (content, language, and media), yielding mean scores of 4.5 (content), 4.0 (language), and 4.4 (media) on a 5-point scale, indicating high validity. A small-scale trial was then conducted with 20 active trainees to test practicality and refine the media. Effectiveness was examined through an expanded field trial using a quasi-experimental design with 30 trainees divided into an experimental group (video-based macro-learning, n = 15) and a control group (conventional demonstration, n = 15). Pre-test results confirmed comparable baseline ability (t = 0.661; p = 0.515). Post-test outcomes showed a significant advantage for the experimental group (M = 86.3) compared to the control group (M = 74.0), with t = −3.662 and p = 0.001. The experimental group also achieved a higher gain score (+25.9 vs +14.9). An operational field trial with 60 trainees across two cohorts further supported scalability, producing an average post-test score of 88.1 and a 93% internal certification pass rate, alongside high satisfaction (M = 4.62/5). Overall, the model is valid, practical, and effective for vocational training institutions and offers a structured pathway to professionalize traditional Oukup practices without eroding cultural meaning.