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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Evaluation of Vernonia amygdalina Leaves for Gastroprotective Activity on Experimental Models of Gastric Ulcer in Rats

N. C. Azubuike, O. S. Onwukwe, M. C. Ugwuodo, M. Toni-Duruaku

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research · pp. 35–42 · Published 5 Oct 2022

10.9734/jocamr/2022/v19i2386

Abstract

Background: Vernonia amygdalina del. (Arecaceae) leaf, popularly known as ‘Bitter leaf’ is widely used as a leafy vegetable in soups and in folkloric medicine against many ailments including stomach discomfort. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the gastroprotective effect of the crude aqueous extract of V. amygdalina leaves (AEVAL) on Hydrochloric acid (HCl)/Ethanol gastric ulcer models. Study Design: An animal experimental study which was conducted for 14 days. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, and Animal House, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, between May 2013 and August 2014. Methodology: Preliminary acute toxicity testing was performed. Twenty (25) rats were divided into five groups (n=5). Groups I and II were normal and ulcer control groups respectively. Groups III, IV and V were pretreated with cimetidine (100 mg/kg), 250 mg/kg AEVAL and 500 mg/kg AEVAL respectively. Cimetidine and AEVAL were administered intraperitoneally and orally, respectively, once daily for 7days. After drug treatments on Day 7, gastric ulcers were induced using HCl/ethanol solution (1ml/rat) prior to sacrifice. Ulcer indices and percentage ulcer inhibition were determined. The stomach tissues were excised, histologically processed and evaluated for histopathological alteration under light microscopy. Results: Acute toxicity testing revealed that AEVAL at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight did not cause any mortality. Macroscopical evaluation of the gastric mucosa revealed severe lesions following induction with HCl/ethanol. However, profound protective effects were observed with cimetidine and AEVAL (250 and 500 mg/kg) pretreatments with ulcer inhibition of 79%, 58% and 76% respectively. Histopathological findings were consistent with the macroscopical features observed. Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that oral treatment with V. amygdalina leaves extract exhibited gastroprotective activities against the injurious effects of acidified ethanol on the gastric mucosa of albino rats.

Vernonia amygdalina acidified ethanol gastric ulcers ulcer index histopathology

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